Who invented rockets?
Horace Hayman Wilson wrote: "Rockets appear to be of
Indian invention, and had long been used in native
armies when Europeans came first in contact with them."
"It is strange that they (rockets) should now be
regarded in Europe as the most recent invention of
artillery." (source: Annals and Antiquities of
Rajasthan: or the Central and Western Rajput States of
India - By James Tod South Asia Books; ; 2 edition
(April 1998) ISBN 8120803809 Vol. II p. 220 and
(source: Historians of M India - Bibliographical Index.
Vol. I p. 373 and 357).
http://www.hinduwisdom.info/War_in_Ancient_India.htm#Weapons%20of%20War%20as%20Gathered%20from%20Literature
Who invented Nuclear Physics?
Buddhist teacher Pakudha Katyayana taught atomic
theory. Maharshi Kanaada of 3rd century, B.C. wrote
atomic theory in Vaiseshika Sutras. Agni Purana gives
smaller magnitudes. The smallest of them is called
Paramaanu which nearly equals one billionth part of a
meter. This value tallies with the size of an organic
molecule calculated by the western scientists.
According to the Upanishads, the five elements of the
nature are Earth, Water, Air, Fire and Akasa. (The
ancient Greek or Roman philosophers did not know
Akasa). One can easily guess that the Earth represents
the solid state, the Water the liquid state and the Air
the gaseous state. The Fire is the plasma, the fourth
state of matter. Western science has not recognized
nuclear state as a state of matter, even though some
nuclear particles are stable; Akasa means nuclear
state. In the ancient Sanskrit text named Anu
Sidhdhantam, Maharshi Goutama described three models of
micro-scopes through which atoms and electrons can be
seen.
Who were the first to calculate the velocity of light?
The Rig Veda Bhashyam by Sayana Madhava gives the
following Sloka praising the Sun:
Yojanam sahasre dve, satadve, dvecha yojane
Ekena nimeshardhena kramamaana namosthuthe
One Yojana equals 15788.8 meters, and half of Nimesha
equals 8/75 fraction of a second. This gives the velocity
of light as 325940 km/s. We have to remember here that the
above value is an approximate one intended for easy
remembrance, like remembering the value of pi as 22/7. It
is better than the value 215000 km/s given by Danish
astronomer Ole Roemer in 1676.
Who invented the guns?
Some people in medieval Europe heard of powerful fire
weapons of the India. Marco Polo (in 13th century) was
financed by the king of his country with the specific
purpose of finding the secret of the Indian fire
weapons. Marco Polo was given gold coins and precious
stones. He also brought some prostitutes to woo people,
if necessary. He first tried to find the secret in the
Punjab region. They pointed a gun at him saying " Get
out of our country. Else, we will shoot you with this
very gun". He then came to south India and tried for
the secret. The south Indians were more tolerant. They
told him that the secret is not known to the public.
The engineers who made the guns reside in the king's
fort generations. The guns were kept in the armory and
the public might not have even seen a gun. The guns
were brought out only at the time of emergency like a
war. A few persons gave hint to Marco Polo that the
knowledge of making gun powder was given to the Chinese
when some Indians visited them in ancient times. Then
Marco Polo went to China, but he could not find any
guns there. The gun powder was used there for making
some festival fire crackers and rockets. He took
samples of the gun powder and returned to Europe. We
know that the gun powder consists of niter, sulphur and
charcoal powder. Natural niter was scarce in Europe,
and what they could get from other lands was not that
pure. The world's purest niter in its natural state is
available in the mines of India. The other problems
faced by the Europeans in making the guns are lack of
good metallic alloys to make the bodies of the guns and
the non-availability of good machine tools for making
them. Manufacture of the guns fell into temporary
oblivion because most of them back-fired or exploded.
How did the British conquer India? Not with their guns.
The first war between the Indians and the British took
place at Mysore during reign of Hyder Ali. The
casualties on the British side was 90 percent and those
on the Indian side was 10 percent. The British realized
that their weapons were inferior to those used by the
Indians. The Indians had rockets and missiles besides
guns and cannons. What is a Sathagni? Most of us think
that it is cannon. Satha means 100 and Agni means fire;
it is a missile containing 100 bullets. It is launched
from a cannon. It explodes after reaching its
destination. Sanskrit manuscripts like Sukra Neethi
Sastra contain many formulas for making gun powder. The
first item exported by the then British East India
company was Indian niter.
According to Sir A. M. Eliot and Heinrich Brunnhofer (a
German Indologist) and Gustav Oppert, all of whom have
stated that ancient Hindus knew the use of gunpowder.
Eliot tells us that the Arabs learnt the manufacture of
gunpowder from India, and that before their Indian
connection they had used arrows of naptha. It is also
argued that though Persia possessed saltpetre in
abundance, the original home of gunpowder was India. In
the light of the above remarks we can trace the
evolution of fire-arms in the ancient India.
http://www.hinduwisdom.info/War_in_Ancient_India.htm
Who invented the ships?
Some persons may argue what is a ship. Read the
definition of a ship:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ship
Europe has only soft wood trees. The ships made of
those woods are good for sailing the Mediterranean or a
smaller sea. They are no good for sailing on the
oceans. The ship of Vasco de Gama was about to collapse
when it reached India. It is the Indian marine
engineers who repaired that ship and made it worthy
again for sea travel. Which country has the trees that
provide the hardest wood? India. The Sanskrit name for
deodar tree was Deva Tharu, the tree that gives the
best wood; it is native to India. Other hard woods like
teak and mahogany are also native to India.
J. Ovington, Chaplain to the British King, the
seventeenth-century English traveler, who visited
Surat, wrote a book "A Voyage to Surat in the Year
1689". He was impressed by the skill of the Indians in
ship-building and found that they even outshone
Europeans. The timber used by the Indians was so strong
that it would not ‘crack’ even by the force of a bullet
so he urged the English to use that timber ‘to help
them in war’. Indian Teak stood firmer than the English
Oak, remarked Ovington.
http://www.hinduwisdom.info/Seafaring_in_Ancient_India.htm
Ludovico di Varthema (1503 A. D) saw vessels of 1,000
tons burden built at Machili Patnam, Andhra Pradesh.
According to Dr. Vincent, India built great sized
vessels from the time of Agathareids (171 B.C.) to the
16th century. And no wonder the Portuguese, when they
first landed at the west coast, were carried away by
the excellent Indian vessels. Later still, the
Vijayanagar Empire, which had as many as 300 ports, had
a powerful fleet. [Dr. Radha Kumud Mookerji, Indian
Shipping - A History of the Sea-Borne Trade and Marine
Activity of The Indians From The Earliest Times, Orient
Longmans, 1912, ISBN 8121509165]
http://nasrani.wordpress.com/2007/02/20/ancient-maritime-route-between-india-and-egypt/
Rig Veda mentions ships with 100 oars. Such ships
sailed over seven oceans and returned to India.
Visitors to India from Greece and Rome during the
pre-Christian times wrote that the Brahmins of India
knew that the earth is in the form of a globe and one
can reach the same place after sailing through the
seven oceans. The Buddhist Jataka stories wrote about
large Indian ships carrying seven hundred people. In
the Artha Sastra, Koutilya wrote about the Board of
Shipping and the Commissioner of Port who supervised
sea traffic. The Harivamsa informs that the first
geographical survey of the world was performed during
the period of Vaivasvata. The towns, villages and
demarcation of agricultural land of that period were
depicted on maps. Brahmanda Purana provides the best
and the most detailed description of world map drawn on
a flat surface using an accurate scale. Padma Purana
says that world maps were prepared and maintained in
book form and kept with care and safety in chests.
Surya Siddhantha speaks about construction of wooden
globe representing earth and marking of horizontal
circles, equatorial circles and further divisions. The
second item exported by the erst while British East
India Company was Indian ship. A few of these ships are
still in service, and are used for training cadets of
the British Navy. During World War II, Maharajas of
India have lent some hundreds of their ships to the
British for use as hospital ships.
Who invented steel?
The Rig Veda mentions "wootz" steel. Evidence for the
manufacture of steel in ancient times is available in
South India. The Arabians used to make a lot of money
by selling Indian steel ingots to Europe. In 1746, the
queen of Britain had sent a scientist named Benjamin
Hauntsman to India to obtain the secret of making
steel. Hauntsman stayed in India for some years, went
back to Britain and submitted a report to the queen.
Some historic records say that he did not write the
main secret and he started his foundry in his native
town. How the secret reached Henry Bessemer is
unnecessary for us because his process was essentially
the Indian crucible method of making steel. Another
Indian contribution to industries in Europe was the
process of casting. The frames of machine tools of that
time were made of wood. Good mechanical devices like
clocks did exist in Britain as early as 1300s. They
were works of skilled crafts persons and were not
products of precision machine tools. It was not until
the structures of the machine tools were cast using
Indian casting method and their other components were
made of hard metals using Indian steel making method,
the high precision machine tools could be made. The so
called Industrial Revolution of Europe in the 1800s
heavily depended on this.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wootz
Who invented the aircraft?
India had many ancient Sanskrit texts on aeronautics.
The Yantra Sarvaswa of Maharshi Bharadwaja, Vimaana
Chandrika of Maharshi Narayan, Vyoma Yaana Tantra of
Sounaka, and Vyoma Yaanarka of Dandi Natha are some of
them. They contained topics like Maargadhi Karana
(Navigation and control of speed during flight),
Lohaadhi Karana (alloys used for various components of
the aircraft) and Saktyaadhi Karana (production and
usage of various fuels used in aircrafts). Para Sabda
Grahakata is a subject of monitoring the flight tracks
of aircrafts, navigatory communication system, and
monitoring the conversation of the pilots in the
aircrafts. Maharshi Gouthama mentioned 32 models of
aircrafts used in Treta Yuga; only one model among
them, called Pushpaka Vimaanam, became popular in the
Ramayana. The Vaimaanika Sastra describes Tripura
Vimaanam that uses solar powered engine to travel at
three levels - on the land, under the surface of water,
and in the air. Sakuna Vimaanam is a cross between an
aircraft and a rocket - a space shuttle. The British
have robbed most of our Sanskrit manuscripts during
their rule in India. In 1895, Sivasankar Thalpad of
Bombay had constructed an aircraft with an engine which
flew to an altitude of 1500 feet. He was a Vedic
scholar and used to teach at the J.J. School of Arts.
He obtained the technology from some rare Sanskrit
manuscripts. He also wrote a book in Marathi named
Praacheena Vimaana Vidye Chaasodha. Lalaji Rayanji,
Maharaja of Baroda, was one of the many witnesses who
had seen the flying of that aircraft. After the
untimely death of Prof.Thalpad, his legal heirs sold
all his scripts and materials to the British. (You can
check the year of flying of Wright Brothers).
http://www.hinduwisdom.info/Vimanas.htm
http://www.world-mysteries.com/sar_7.htm
http://www.sacred-texts.com/ufo/aiac.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vimana
http://www.hiddenmysteries.org/freebooks/history/vym2.html
http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/vimanas/vimanas14.htm
Who invented powder metallurgy?
The Indians. The iron pillar in Delhi which does not
get rust even today is the proof for it. It is not the
only one of its kind; there are many more scattered
through out in India. The Russians who took scrapings
from the pillar confirmed that it is made using powder
metallurgy technology. The so called space-age
technology of today can make only small pieces using
powder metallurgy; they are generally used as tips in
cutting tools. How could our ancients make such a big
pillar using powder metallurgy? The pillar is like a
time capsule - it is challenging the world. Can we rise
to the pinnacles of achievement to which our ancients
had reached?
Who invented plastic surgery? The Indians. It is fully
described by Maharshi Susruta, the ancient Ayurvedic
surgeon, in his Samhita. Who invented acupuncture? The
Indians. Who invented the martial arts? The Indians.
Who invented the remote sensing and imaging techniques?
The Indians. Who discovered Advanced Astrology? The
Indians. Who discovered Advanced Astronomy? The
Indians. Who discovered Groundwater Hydrology? The
Indians. We can read Brihat Samhita of Varaha Mihira;
the Indian method is better than the modern techniques
of using space satellites. Who were the first to
construct planned cities with high technology
infrastructures for water supply and sewerage? The
Indians. Who invented the hanging bridges? The Indians.
Chinese who visited India a few thousands of years ago
wrote about our hanging bridges which used steel beams
and steel ropes. Who discovered higher philosophy? The
Indians. Were there Doora Sravana and Doora Darsana
machines in ancient India? Yes. Did our ancients knew
radars and laser weapons? Yes, the techology was given
in the Sanskrit manuscript Samarangana Sutra Dhara.
Who discovered Irrigation Engineering? Another name for
India was Yilaa Varta. The hidden meaning of this name
is Jala Maaruta, the country of water laden winds. No
other country in the world has monsoons. The rainfall
in India is more than the total rainfall in the rest of
the world. India is the land of mighty rivers - and
that in a very large number that outnumber all other
countrie. In the olden days, the water flow rate in the
Ganga exceeded that of any other river in the world.
The people of South India built and maintained an
extensive system of irrigation tanks and associated
canals with extraordinary managerial and social skills.
They shared the waters following the ways of nature
from time immemorial. Construction of small dams at
every possible location was carried out with such
completeness that a British engineer of the 19th
century thought that it would be impossible to add
another tank to that irrigation system. It was a marvel
of Indian engineering and human cooperation. Nothing
like it existed else where in the world at any time in
the past. While peasants of other countries broke their
backs to reap one harvest, the Indians produced two or
three bumper crops a year. The harvest in the Krishna
and Kauvery river basins was large enough to meet the
needs of rest of our country during periods of crisis.
Visitors from Europe and China in pre-Christian times
wrote that India was a land of plenty. Our Buddhist and
Jain religious records also say the same thing.
http://www.hinduwisdom.info/Hindu_Cosmology.htm
http://www.hinduwisdom.info/Advanced_Concepts.htm
http://www.hinduwisdom.info/Yantras.htm
http://www.hinduwisdom.info/Dwaraka.htm
http://www.hinduwisdom.info/India_and_Egypt.htm
http://www.hinduwisdom.info/India_and_Greece.htm
http://www.hinduwisdom.info/India_and_China.htm
http://www.hinduwisdom.info/Dwaraka.htm
Binary System of number representation: A Mathematician
named Pingala (c. 100BC) developed a system of binary
enumeration convertible to decimal numerals. He
described the system in his book called
Chandahshaastra. The present day computers are
dependent on Binary System.
The word "Algorithm" was derived from a method
described by Al-Khwarizmi, an eminent 9th century Arab
scholar. He played important roles in importing
knowledge on arithematic and algebra from India to the
Arabs. In his work, De numero indorum (Concerning the
Hindu Art of Reckoning), it was based on an Arabic
translation of Brahmagupta where he gave a full account
of the Hindu numerals which was the first to expound
the system with its digits 0,1,2,3,...,9 and decimal
place value which was a fairly recent arrival from
India. Computer programming heavily uses Algorithm.
http://www.cerc.utexas.edu/~jay/anc.html#zero
Among all countries in the world, India has inherited
the largest number of ancient manuscripts from time
immemorial. They were written on the widest range of
subjects known to humans. Indians have travelled around
the world in ships to spread their knowledge since
millenia. The oldest universities of the world like
Patali Putra and Taksha Sila are located in India.
Scholars from far east and Europe came here for higher
knowledge.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Patna
http://www.ancientworlds.net/aw/Places/Place/419417
http://wikimapia.org/205636/
http://www.magazine.com.pk/travel/pakistan.php?ss=&page=taxilahistory
http://www.the-south-asian.com/Dec2002/Taxila-%20Dharmrajika%20Stupa.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxila
http://www.world66.com/asia/southasia/pakistan/taxila/history